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Germany implemented Directive (EU) 2020/1828 through the Act implementing the Representative Actions Directive (VRUG), introducing a new framework for collective consumer redress and amending the Capital Investor Model Case Act. The reform reshapes Germany’s approach to representative actions while interacting with existing collective mechanisms. For further analysis, see D. Markworth’s discussion on whether the new VDuG lacks effectiveness.

Ireland implemented Directive (EU) 2020/1828 through the Representative Actions for the Protection of the Collective Interests of Consumers Act 2023 (Act No. 22 of 2023). The Act establishes the legal framework allowing qualified entities to bring representative actions to safeguard consumers’ collective interests in line with the Representative Actions Directive.

Portugal implemented Directive (EU) 2020/1828 by adapting its existing collective redress framework to align with the Representative Actions Directive. The reform integrates the EU requirements into Portugal’s long-standing system of popular actions and collective consumer protection.

Italy implemented Directive (EU) 2020/1828 through Legislative Decree No. 28 of 10 March 2023, aligning national law with the Representative Actions Directive. The reform establishes the procedural framework governing representative actions for the protection of consumers’ collective interests and repeals the previous regime under Directive 2009/22/EC.